Cyber attacks are among the escalating threats that have intensified with the expansion of information and communication technologies. This article examines various types of cyber attacks and the methods to counter them.
- DDoS Attacks (Distributed Denial of Service)
DDoS attacks involve overwhelming servers with a high volume of traffic to hinder the delivery of proper services to users. In these attacks, numerous systems (often involuntarily participating) target a specific server, resulting in a substantial load that disrupts its normal functioning. To counter DDoS attacks, networks and services need to employ distributed solutions such as Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) and specialized DDoS firewalls.
- MitM Attacks (Man-in-the-Middle)
MitM attacks occur when an attacker positions themselves between two communicating parties and attempts to intercept or alter transmitted data. Such attacks usually exploit insecure communications or vulnerable wireless networks. Preventing MitM attacks necessitates using robust encryption protocols for communications and implementing security measures like identity verification.
- Phishing Attacks
Phishing attacks involve attackers attempting to gather sensitive user information such as usernames, passwords, credit card numbers, etc., by using deceptive methods like fake emails, text messages, or phone calls. These attacks often employ enticing techniques to deceive users. To thwart phishing attacks, users should utilize Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) and exercise caution when verifying message sources.
- SQL Injection Attacks
In SQL injection attacks, attackers inject SQL code into web forms to gain unauthorized access to a database's information. Such attacks can lead to severe damages for websites and their users. Preventing SQL injection attacks involves properly validating user inputs and avoiding dynamic query parameters.
- XSS Attacks (Cross-Site Scripting)
XSS attacks involve attackers placing JavaScript code within web pages that execute when users open those pages, potentially accessing user information or altering website functionality. To prevent XSS attacks, user inputs should be sanitized, and pre-emptive measures should be taken to block the execution of JavaScript code.
- Zero-Day Attacks
Zero-Day attacks occur when a newly discovered vulnerability in software or an operating system is exploited before the vendor releases a security patch. These attacks are highly dangerous as no preventive security measures exist for them. Mitigating Zero-Day attacks requires periodic security updates for systems and software and implementing security approaches to reduce potential impacts of such attacks.
Given the mounting threats of cyber attacks, it is crucial for organizations and users to take appropriate measures for prevention and response. These measures include security education, utilizing protective tools, adhering to security standards during software development, and managing security updates systematicall
